Credits & References
Facts on How Ndigbo Lost Their First Nation | Ndigbo Viva Heritage Documentary
Facts on How Ndigbo Lost Their First Nation | Ndigbo Viva Heritage Documentary
1. BOOKS AND ARTICLES:
Azubuike Okoro & Ben Ezumah (2024). Perspectives on Aro History & Civilization. The splendour of a great past vol 1. Lulu Press.
Samuel Okoro Onwukwe (2023). Arochukwu: The Rise and the Fall of Arochukwu and the Path to Rediscovery. Zoba's facilities.
Nwankwo Nwaezeigwe, PhD (2020). Politics, Culture and Origins in Nigeria: The Igbo and Their Nri Neighbours. Academic Press.
Charles M. Ezekwugo (January 1, 1986). Ora-Eri Nnokwa & Nri dynasty. lenjon printers.
Chukwuemeka I. Onyesoh (2021). Dirt on white spectrum: Myths, Travails and Legacies of Eze Nri, the custodian of Igbo Tradition and Nigerian's Oldest Kingship Institution. The Pan African Press.
2. VISUAL SOURCES:
Cassava tree (plant with roots) (June 2025)
Original Source: Shutterstock
Source Link: https://www.shutterstock.com/es/image-vector/cassava-tree-plant-roots-1567280
The Maji Maji Rebellion: How African Rebels Held Their Own Against German Colonialists for Two Years (December 22, 2022)
Original Source: Mr. Madu
Source Link: https://talkafricana.com/maji-maji-rebellion-1905/
Group of Warriors from Bornu (November 21, 2019)
Original Source: World History Encyclopedia
Source Link: https://www.worldhistory.org/image/11499/group-of-warriors-from-bornu/
Quarterly Overview of Global and Regional Situation (December 24, 2022)
Original Source: Nazariya Magazine
The Igbo Nation (24 Feb. 2025)
Original Source: The tribes
Dim Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu (March 2, 2022)
Original Source: @republicjourna
Source Link: https://www.instagram.com/p/CamPoHVs0hs/
Uwazurike (August 26, 2015)
Original Source: Chukwujekwu Ilozue, The Biafra Times
Source Link: https://www.thebiafratimes.co/2015/08/compromise-uwazurike-your-member-was.html
Nnamdi Kanu (15th July 2025)
Original Source: Angel Network News
Source Link: https://www.instagram.com/p/DMH1WqyM9I_/?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Foundation applauds the signing of the Southeast Development Commission bill into law (July 24, 2024)
Original Source: Lawani Mikairu, Vanguard News
Ilo Chi na Ịlọ Ụwa (August 22, 2018): The Cosmic Journey of the Soul in Igbo Cosmology & Spirituality
Original Source: OmenigboỊlọ
Traditional art series (Nigerian Art): Igbo Ukwu art (5 Sept. 2020)
Original Source: Ihesiulo Grace, DAILY TIMES Nigeria
Source Link: https://www.dailytimesng.com/traditional-art-series-nigerian-art-igbo-ukwu-art/
Woman of Isele Asaba (August 4, 2021)
Original Source: Entanglements, Re-Entanglements
Source Link: https://re-entanglements.net/physical-types/
Image of Traditional Bilas from Papua New Guinea's Maprik region (2023)
Original Source: David Kirkland
How colonial Govt launched the de-Igbonisation of Igbos in Rivers, Delta (Jan. 20, 2025)
Original Source: David Kirkland Photography
Source Link: https://www.irohinodua.org/how-colonial-govt-launched-the-de-igbonisation-of-igbos-in-rivers-delta/
Nri-Igbo (Jan. 15, 2025) (last edited)
Original Source: Wikipedia (Hausa edition)
Source Link: https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nri-Igbo
Nara Early Educational History (25 Oct. 2024)
Original Source: Ikenga Unateze Heritage: Facebook Page – Unoohutaeze
A photograph of Chief Mgbeze of Okpanam at the Udo Shrine, after his title-taking ceremony in 1912 (April. 17 2024)
Original Source: Eclectic histories
Source Link: https://www.instagram.com/p/C53KB5LrqHq
Scarification (Jan. 23 2025)
Original Source: Chuka Odike
Source Link: https://ozikoro.com/tag/scarification/
Myths of Divination and Parables (Jan 23 2025)
Original Source: LUKU
Source Link: https://filesheet.wordpress.com/2013/08/29/myths-of-divination-and-parables/
Obi of Onitsha Samuel Okosi I, the First Christian Obi of onitsha.1899 (March 29, 2024)
Original Source: Onyeka Nwokike, Igbo Archives
Source Link: https://igboarchives.com.ng/obi-onitsha-sammy-okosi-the-first-christian-obi-of-onitsha-1899/
How Igbos Lived in the Olden Days (April 4, 2022)
Original Source: aribisala, nairaland.com
Source Link: https://www.nairaland.com/6624267/how-igbos-lived-olden-days/26
Residual Souls "Aborted Children and Igbo Cleansing (June 14, 2024)
Original Source: Odinaala
Source Link: https://www.instagram.com/p/C8L3CagtWuF/
Igbo History (27 Aug. 2022)
Original Source: Igbo history Post
Benadir. Galla Abdallah, the first freed slave in Somalia (Sept. 2, 2008)
Original Source: somala-bulshada soomaaliyeed
Source Link: https://www.reddit.com/r/Somalia/comments/yaubto/1893_benadir_galla_abdallah_the_first_freed_slave/
Slave owner shooting a fugitive slave (27 May 2025)
Original Source: Slavery
Source Link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Slavery16.jpg
Uzuzu Oke Ngene Success Odini Igbo (18 Aug. 2021)
Original Source: Uzuzu Oke Ngene Success Odini Igbo Post
Source Link: https://www.facebook.com/Uzuzu-Oke-Ngene-Success-Odini-Igbo-101218085351251/photos/210675431072182/
You Shouldn't Die of Poverty and Hunger in A Blessed Land Like Ours: A Look at Our Profitable Resources (27 Sept. 2021)
Original Source: Lens of Meaning Post
Nigeria Kingdom series (May 6, 2024)
Original Source: Historylovers _001
Source Link: https://www.instagram.com/p/C6o4SMiI_lc/
Some Health Benefits of Cocoyam (4th March, 2025)
Original Source: Folahan Oyelekan
Source Link: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=9363852713691501&id=100002005976633&set=a.109519909124
We sustain oil palm in Edo state (Aug. 4, 2022)
Original Source: The Guardian
Source Link: https://guardian.ng/news/we-can-sustain-500m-oil-palm-investment-in-edo-says-obaseki/
How to Start Ugu Farming in Nigeria (A-Z of Running A Profitable Ugu Farm (Feb. 22, 2024)
Original Source: Adewebs, agrolearner.com
Source Link: https://agrolearner.com/ugu-farming/
Igbo ironworking technology originated in Awka (Aug 3, 2022)
Original Source: Igbo History
Source Link: https://www.instagram.com/p/CvfaCBetBo
Basketry or basket making, known as "ikpa nkata" in Igbo culture (March 28 2024)
Original Source: Igbo history
Source Link: https://www.instagram.com/p/C5EihacrLhU/
Akwete weaving a century Igbo old tradition (sept 18 2025)
Original Source: zinkatadaily
Source Link: https://www.instagram.com/p/DOqmuZFiEZ5/
Uli is a celebrated Igbo artform that has been the subject of many studies over the decades, serving as an inspiration for artists both at (June 11,2024)
Original Source: Igbo History
Source Link: https://www.instagram.com/p/C8FdqNmtev9/
Ishiagu Pottery Works: Traditional Igbo Craftsmanship in Ebonyi State (Not specified)
Original Source: Nnewi City Editorial Team
Source Link: https://nnewicity.com/ishiagu-pottery-works-traditional-igbo-craftsmanship-in-ebonyi-state/
Ikoro, The Voice of the Gods (Nwadịọramma (17 Feb 2024)
Original Source: Umuahia first post
Fayil Traditional Medicine (10 sept 2014)
Original Source: Wikipedia Hausa
Source Link: https://ha.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayil:Traditional_Medicine.JPG
Isiagu pottery (Sept 17, 2025): Isiagu pottery work :Craftsmanship in Ebonyi State
Original Source: Isiagu pottery work
Source Link: https://nnewicity.com/ishiagu-pottery-works-traditional-igbo-craftsmanship-in-ebonyi-state/
Basden Igbo market (Jan 1 1930)
Original Source: Wikimedia Commons
Source Link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Basden_Igbo_market.jpg
MAKING WATER AND COOKING POTS (Igbo women) (1921)
Original Source: George basden
Source Link: https://ukpuru.tumblr.com/post/38153851446/igbo-women-making-water-and-cooking-pot
Dibia mkpọrọgwụgwụ na mkpa akwụkwọ (December 17, 2012)
Original Source: NDỊ IGBO Global's post
Source Link: https://www.facebook.coImage Title: Dibia Mkpụrụ ndị gwụgụ na mkpa akụkwịrị
Native Doctor (22 Oct. 2024)
Original Source: IHIALA LGA HOMIES
Source Link: https://www.facebook.com/groups/299035713465089/posts/8427313587303887/
Prince Henry the Navigator (May 21, 2021)
Original Source: Nuno Gonçalves
Source Link: https://www.worldhistory.org/image/14066/prince-henry-the-navigator
When was gun powder invented? (March 13, 2025)
Original Source: Robert Holmes
Source Link: https://www.thecollector.com/history-of-gunpowder/
Translucent Ancient Glass (2025)
Original Source: ZakSAntiquities.com
Source Link: https://zaksantiquities.com/shop/ancient-roman-glass/jars-flasks/roman-glass-perfume-jar-2/
NatCopper (6th July, 2009)
Original Source: Wikimedia Commons
Source Link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NatCopper.png
Bartering for slaves at a fort on the Guinea coast (1911)
Original Source: Wikimedia Commons
Source Link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bartering_for_slaves_at_a_fort_on_the_Guinea_coast.png
The Igbo People (14th April 2017)
Original Source: Kemi Sara
Source Link: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1474041249514450/
Eze Nri Obalike with Alo and Gong (July 30, 2021)
Original Source: The Eastern Post's post
The Brief History of Egba (Oct. 3, 2012)
Original Source: oloolutof.wordpress.com
Source Link: https://oloolutof.wordpress.com/2012/10/03/the-brief-history-of-egba/
Olaudah Equiano (Oct. 23, 2025)
Original Source: Iguedo and Omanbala
Source Link: https://x.com/RealOlauda
Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove (15 July, 2005)
Original Source: Thierry Joffroy
Source Link: https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1118/gallery/
Ugwuele Archaeological Findings (15th July, 2025)
Original Source: Wikipedia
Source Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugwuele
King Duke ix of calabar (March 14th, 2025)
Original Source: patrick_patrickstories
Source Link: https://www.instagram.com/p/DHKRHc1MBTk/
Mangaaka (March 27, 2025)
Original Source: African arts
Source Link: https://www.britannica.com/art/likembe-dza-vadzimu
Uli — The Art of Igbo Body Decoration (28th Sept, 2024)
Original Source: Onyeka Nwokike
Source Link: https://igboarchives.com.ng/uli-the-art-of-igbo-body-decoration/
The Story of a Great Warrior Who Inspired Chimurenga (Oct. 20, 2018)
Original Source: Murenga
Source Link: https://pamberineruzhinji1980.wordpress.com/2018/10/20/murenga-the-story-of-a-great-warrior-who-inspired-chimurenga/
A Group of Igbo Warriors in Ancient Times (20th Oct, 2013)
Original Source: Nigerian Nostalgia Project
Source Link: https://nigerianostalgia.tumblr.com/post/64608078110/ukpuru-a-group-of-igbo-warriors-in-ancient
Unveiling Ohafia's Historical heritage and significance at Ohafia war Dance (10th Oct 2024)
Original Source: Amos kalu Oge
Source Link: https://www.ohafiatv.com/unveiling-ohafias-historical-heritage-and-significance-of-ohafia-war-dance/
Mazi Kanu Oji, the eze (king) of Aro in Nigeria (8 Dec., 2019)
Original Source: Aro Okeigbo Blog
Source Link: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1170905956454022&id=660049817539641&set=a.690367141174575
In Igbo cosmology the elephant tusk known as Okike (May 14, 2025)
Original Source: Afiatvofficial
Source Link: https://www.instagram.com/p/DJoF4vvoRgq/
Major Historical Events in Nigeria During the Colonial Era (4th Oct., 2014)
Original Source: Adarianna simwa
Source Link: https://www.legit.ng/1128532-major-historical-events-nigeria-colonial-era.html
Ekpeye (Ekpafia Igbo) (2025)
Original Source: Jones Archive
Source Link: https://jonesarchive.siu.edu/ekpeye-ekpafia-igbo/
Mirroring Nigeria's First Indigenous (March 21, 2024): Niger Delta's Jonathan A. Green
Original Source: NDLink
Source Link: https://ndlink.org/mirroring-nigerias-first-indigenous-photographer-niger-deltas-jonathan-a-green/
Kenyans Are Far Behind Nigerians In Every Aspect (Sept 3, 2016)
Original Source: Fani Kayode, nairaland.com
Source Link: https://www.nairaland.com/3327823/kenyans-far-behind-nigerians-every/
Igbo Culture and Origin (15th Dec. 2022)
Original Source: Isioma Ani (Igbo people of Nigeria)
Source Link: https://www.facebook.com/groups/httpsyoutube.comchannelucwgna8mhaahnoxhhxlpi/posts/8444207252317801
People at Ehugbo (Afikpo) (August 12, 2020)
Original Source: @ukpuru
Source Link: https://www.instagram.com/p/CDyvElHF0Kd/
History of Igbo People: Exploration of the Origins of the Igbo Tribe of Nigeria (March 22, 2025)
Original Source: Barack Okaka Obama
Source Link: https://www.omtchannel.com.ng/2025/03/history-of-igbo-people-exploration-of.html
Igbo Architecture (15 Oct. 2022)
Original Source: adjayevisua
Source Link: https://www.instagram.com/p/CjbZAMXqMaC/
Ancient Pyramids in Igbo Land Suggest a West African Origin of Egyptian Civilization
Original Source: Igbo history Museum
Source Link: https://igboacienthistory.weebly.com/ancient-pyramids-in-igbo-land-suggest-a-west-african-origin.html
Dike Tower (Sept 2 2025)
Original Source: Osiakponmwonsa
Source Link: https://www.instagram.com/p/DOGDUXojeYC/
Ukpuru (6th May, 2016)
Original Source: Tumblr – Ụkpụrụ
Source Link: https://ukpuru.tumblr.com/post/118302297417/emene-owo-igbo-country-compound-of-nnaji
Historical images of the igbo, their neighbour and beyond (Feb. 6, 2015)
Original Source: Ụkpụrụ
Source Link: https://ukpuru.tumblr.com/post/110208262012/a-girl-wife-belles-of-the-village-igbo
The Aro Settlements And The Confederacy (Sep. 12, 2022)
Original Source: AkuOlisa, Nairaland
Source Link: https://www.nairaland.com/7329368/aro-settlements-confederacy
Exploring the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove (2017)
Original Source: Finelib.com
The slave trade,maroons,windsrceen wipers and Reparation (Jan. 18, 2015)
Original Source: KellyKatharin
Source Link: https://kellykatharin.com/the-slave-trade-maroons-windscreen-wipers-and-reparations-i-want-to-know/
Resources - Social Justice & Civil Rights History (July 19, 2023)
Original Source: Yesterday's AmericaTeam
Source Link: https://yesterdaysamerica.com/resources-social-justice-civil-rights-history
The Significance of Disease Driving Historical Change (April 19, 2022)
Original Source: HubPages Contributor
Source Link: https://discover.hubpages.com/education/The-Significance-of-Disease-Driving-Historical-Change-Between-1500-and-1800
African transport in African (Nov 17, 2004)
Original Source: Wikimedia Commons
Source Link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AfricanSlavesTransport.jpg
Significance of Igbo Trumpet (Dec 12,2024)
Original Source: Sophia Igbani
Source Link: https://ogbonoblog.com/education/the-significance-of-igbo-trumpets/
Our History to pre-colonial Africa (Jan 2018)
Original Source: Peace92
Source Link: https://steemit.com/history/@peace92/our-history-to-pre-colonial-africa
Eze Nri Ifikuanim, the Priest-King of the ancient Nri kingdom of Igboland (12 Aug. 2021)
Original Source: dailytimes
Source Link: https://dailytimesng.com/back-in-history-eze-nri-ifikuanim-the-priest-king-of-the-ancient-nri-kingdom-of-igboland/
TEAM ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
Host: Akachukwu Nwankpo (Oputa Ifeadi) Visual Editing: Emeka Okorie Blog Website Mgt: Chukwukadibia Ekene Research support: Esther Ime Recorded at Ndigbo Viva Studios, Enugu. For content permissions or collaboration inquiries, please contact ndigbovivalimited@gmail.com